This report details the ongoing decline in the human rights situation in Sudan during July, August, and September 2025, attributable to the persistent conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. The conflict has expanded into new regions, leading to increased civilian casualties and significant breaches of international humanitarian law.
The report documents numerous human rights violations, including:
- Extrajudicial Killings: Numerous violations and extrajudicial killings have been documented, a systematic and ongoing practice since the beginning of the war in April 2023.
- Arrest and Enforced Disappearances: Cases of arbitrary arrest and unlawful detention of political activists, human rights defenders, and journalists were documented, along with disturbing reports of some being tortured or forcibly disappeared.
- Sexual Violence: Local and international organizations documented an increase in the number of cases of sexual violence, particularly in areas of displacement and fighting, where rape was used as a weapon of war, in violation of international law.
- Forced Displacement: Military operations and repeated shelling have resulted in the displacement of thousands of families from El Fasher to Tawila, in the absence of safe corridors or adequate humanitarian aid.
The report emphasizes recurring violation patterns and urges independent, transparent investigations to ensure accountability and activate international protection mechanisms for civilians. Without urgent international efforts to stop the violence and hold perpetrators accountable, more crimes will happen with total impunity.